WAX MOTHS
​
Wax moths are common pests that infest honeybee hives, feeding on the beeswax and other materials in the hive. There are two species of wax moths: the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) and the lesser wax moth (Achroia grisella).
​
Wax moths can have a negative impact on honeybee hives by causing damage to the comb, reducing the amount of food storage, and weakening the hive overall. The moths lay their eggs on the comb, and the larvae then hatch and begin feeding on the beeswax, honey, and other materials in the hive.
The feeding activity of the larvae can cause extensive damage to the comb, which can weaken the structural integrity of the hive. In addition to physical damage, wax moths can also introduce bacterial and fungal diseases into the hive, further weakening the colony.
​
Symptoms of wax moth presence: The first sign of a wax moth infestation is often the presence of small holes in the wax combs. Adult wax moths lay their eggs in the wax combs, and the larvae that hatch from these eggs will then feed on the wax and other debris inside the combs. As the larvae feed, they leave behind a fine silk webbing that can bind the wax combs together and cause them to collapse.
​
Other symptoms of wax moth infestations include:
The presence of adult moths flying around the hive or near the entrance. A foul odour coming from the hive, caused by wax moth larvae and the debris they produce. Honeybee larvae that appear to have been eaten or partially consumed. This is often a sign that wax moth larvae are present in the hive.
Treatments for Wax Moth Infestations:
If you suspect that your hive has a wax moth infestation, there are several treatments you can use to control the infestation:
​
Some strategies for managing wax moth infestations include:
​
Keep colonies strong: A strong, healthy colony is better able to defend itself against wax moth infestations.
​
Use screened bottom boards: Screened bottom boards can help prevent wax moths from entering the hive.
​
Store equipment properly: Store wax combs and other equipment in a cool, dry place to prevent wax moth infestations during storage.
Hive hygiene: Keeping the hive clean and well-maintained can help prevent wax moth infestations. Regular inspections and cleaning can help detect and remove any moth eggs or larvae before they can cause damage.
​
Freezing: Wax moth larvae are susceptible to freezing temperatures. If you detect an infestation, you can freeze the comb or other hive components to kill the larvae and prevent further damage.
​
Pheromone traps: Wax moth pheromone traps can be used to attract and capture adult moths, reducing the population and preventing further damage.
​
Heat Treatment: Heating wax combs and other equipment to 120 degrees Fahrenheit for several hours can also kill wax moths and their larvae. This treatment is best used in the summer months when temperatures are warm enough to support this process.
​
Comb replacement: If the infestation is severe, it may be necessary to replace the damaged comb with new, clean comb.
​
Chemical treatments: There are a variety of chemical treatments available to control wax moth infestations, including mothballs, paradichlorobenzene crystals, and acetic acid. These treatments should be used with caution and in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. It's important to note that prevention is key when it comes to managing wax moth infestations.
​
Wax moths are a common pest of honeybee colonies, but with proper management and care, they can be controlled and prevented. Be sure to regularly inspect your hives for signs of wax moth infestations, and take action immediately if you detect an infestation. By maintaining healthy honeybee colonies and implementing prevention measures, you can help ensure the long-term health and survival of your bees.